In-vitro fertilization (IVF) is a widely used fertility treatment that helps couples facing infertility achieve pregnancy. Before starting IVF, both partners need to undergo several medical tests. These tests are crucial to understand their health status, identify any potential issues, and improve the chances of a successful pregnancy. In this article, we will explain the list of tests required for IVF treatment in simple and easy-to-understand language. We will also talk about how these tests relate to the IVF success rate in India.
Why Are Tests Important Before IVF?
IVF is a step-by-step process that includes egg retrieval, fertilization, embryo transfer, and pregnancy monitoring. Pre-IVF tests help doctors:
- Evaluate the couple’s fertility condition
- Identify medical problems that can affect treatment
- Choose the right IVF protocol
- Increase the chances of success
Now let’s look at the list of tests required for IVF treatment for both men and women.
List of Tests Required for IVF Treatment for Women
1. Ovarian Reserve Testing
This test checks the number and quality of a woman’s eggs. It includes:
- Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) Test: Measures the AMH hormone to estimate egg count.
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Estradiol Test: These hormones are tested on Day 2 or 3 of the menstrual cycle to evaluate ovarian function.
2. Transvaginal Ultrasound
A pelvic ultrasound helps doctors assess the uterus and ovaries. It checks for:
- Size and shape of ovaries
- Number of antral follicles (small egg-containing sacs)
- Presence of cysts or fibroids
3. Hysterosalpingography (HSG)
HSG is an X-ray test to check if the fallopian tubes are open and the uterus is normal. Blocked tubes can affect IVF outcomes.
4. Sonohysterography
Also called saline infusion sonography, this test checks the uterus for polyps, fibroids, or other abnormalities.
5. Blood Tests for Hormonal Levels
Hormones play a key role in ovulation and egg quality. Blood tests are done to measure:
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
- Prolactin
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
- Progesterone
6. Infectious Disease Screening
Tests are done to check for infections like:
- HIV
- Hepatitis B and C
- Syphilis
- Rubella and Varicella
These screenings ensure that infections won’t interfere with the IVF process or harm the baby.
7. Pap Smear
This test checks for abnormal cervical cells and infections that may need treatment before IVF.
8. Genetic Testing
If there’s a history of genetic disorders, doctors may recommend:
- Carrier screening
- Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) for embryos
List of Tests Required for IVF Treatment for Men
Male fertility is equally important in IVF. Here are the tests men typically undergo:
1. Semen Analysis
This is the most important test for men. It evaluates:
- Sperm count
- Sperm motility (movement)
- Sperm morphology (shape)
Any abnormal results help doctors decide the best fertilization technique, such as ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection).
2. Hormonal Tests
Hormone levels impact sperm production. The tests include:
- FSH
- LH
- Testosterone
- Prolactin
3. Scrotal Ultrasound
An ultrasound can help detect problems like varicoceles (enlarged veins in the scrotum) or structural issues.
4. Genetic Testing
If sperm count is very low or zero, genetic tests like Y chromosome microdeletion or karyotyping may be required.
5. Infectious Disease Screening
Just like in women, men are also tested for:
- HIV
- Hepatitis B and C
- Syphilis
Additional Tests Before IVF
1. Blood Group and Rh Factor
Knowing the blood group and Rh factor of both partners helps manage any compatibility issues during pregnancy.
2. Blood Sugar and Thyroid Function Tests
Conditions like diabetes and thyroid disorders should be controlled before IVF starts.
3. Vitamin D and Hemoglobin Levels
Vitamin D deficiency and anemia can affect fertility and pregnancy. These should be checked and corrected before the treatment.
IVF Success Rate in India
The IVF success rate in India depends on various factors, including age, medical history, and the results of the tests listed above. On average:
- Women under 35 have a success rate of 40%–50% per IVF cycle
- Women between 35 and 40 have a 30%–40% success rate
- Women above 40 may have a 10%–20% success rate
Other factors that improve the IVF success rate in India include:
- Choosing an experienced fertility clinic
- Following a healthy lifestyle
- Addressing all medical issues before IVF
The tests mentioned earlier help identify and treat problems in advance, which plays a major role in improving outcomes.
Final Thoughts
Preparing for IVF can feel overwhelming, but knowing what to expect helps reduce stress. This list of tests required for IVF treatment provides a roadmap for couples starting their fertility journey. These tests ensure that your body is ready for IVF and help doctors personalize your treatment for better results.
In recent years, the IVF success rate in India has improved significantly due to advanced medical technology and early diagnosis. By completing all recommended tests and choosing the right fertility center, couples can increase their chances of having a healthy baby.
